hisyam

hisyam
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Monday 6 July 2015

chapter 2 :identifying competitive advantages

Chapter 2 Identifying Competitive Advantages

What is competitive advantage?

  • A product or service that an organization’s customers place a greater value on than similar offerings from a competitor.
  • Unfortunately, CA is temporary because competitors keep duplicate the strategy. 
  • Then, the company should start the new competitive advantage.

Five forces Model


Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model is useful tool to aid organization in challenging decision whether to join a new industry or industry segment
  • Buyer power
  • Supplier power
  • Threat of substitute products or services.
  • Threats of new entrants.
  • Rivalry among existing companies.

Buyer power 
  • High – when buyers have many choices of whom to buy.
  • Low – when their choices are few.
  • To reduce buyer power (and create competitive advantage), an organization must make it more attractive to buy from the company not from the competitors.
  • Best practices of IT-based
Supplier power
  • High – when buyers have few choices of whom to buy from. 
  • Low – when their choices are many.
  • Best practices of IT to create competitive advantage.
  • E.g. B2B marketplace – private exchange allow a single buyer to posts it needs and then open the bidding to any supplier who  would care to bid. Reverse auction is an auction format in which increasingly lower bids. 
Threat of Substitute products & Services
  • High – when there are many alternatives to a product or service. 
  • Low – when there are few alternatives from which to choose.
  • Ideally, an organization would like to be on a market in which there are few substitutes of their product or services. 
  • Best practices of IT 
  • E.g. Electronic product -same function different brands
Threat of new entrants

  • High – when it is easy for new competitors to enter a market.
  • Low – when there are significant entry barriers to entering a market. 
  • Entry barriers is a product or service feature that customers have come to expect from organizations and must be offered by entering organization to compete and survive.
  • Best practices of IT
  • E.g. new bank must offers online paying bills, acc monitoring to compete.
Rivalry among existence competitors


  • High – when competition is fierce in a market
  • Low – when competition is more complacent
  • Best Practices of IT
  • Wal-mart and its suppliers using IT-enabled system for communication and track product at aisles by effective tagging system. 
  • Reduce cost by using effective supply chain.
The Three Generics Strategies


Cost Leadership
  • Becoming a low-cost producer in the industry allows the company to lower prices to customers.  
  • Competitors with higher costs cannot afford to compete with the low-cost leader on price.
 Differentiation
  • Create competitive advantage by distinguishing their products on one or more features important to their customers.  
  • Unique features or benefits may justify price differences and/or stimulate demand.
  • Ex: i-care by Proton 
The Value Chains- Targeting Business Processes
  • Supply Chain - a chain or series of processes that adds value to product & service for customer.
  • Add value to its products and services that support a profit margin for the firm

Sunday 5 July 2015

business driven technology



Information technology (IT) a field concerned with the use of technology in managing and processing information.

Information technology is an important enabler of business success and innovation.
Management information systems (MIS) – a general name for the business function and academic discipline covering the application of people, technologies, and procedures  to solve business problems
MIS is a business function, similar to Accounting, Finance, Operations, and Human Resources


When beginning to learn about information technology it is important to understand
Data, information, and business intelligence IT resources
IT cultures


Data - raw facts that describe the characteristic of an event

Information - data converted into a meaningful and useful context

Business intelligence – applications and technologies that are used to support decision-making efforts

Information-Functional Culture - Employees use information as a means of exercising influence or power over others. For example, a manager in sales refuses to share information with marketing. This causes marketing to need the sales manager’s input each time a new sales strategy is developed

Information-Sharing Culture  - Employees across departments trust each other to use information (especially about problems and failures) to improve performance

Information-Inquiring Culture - Employees across departments search for information to better understand the future and align themselves with current trends and new directions

Information-Discovery Culture - Employees across departments are open to new insights about crisis and radical changes and seek ways to create competitive advantages